Tables:
  • Frequency table (becomes a "relative" table if use %/proportions)
  • Contingency table (have two categorical variables)

Charts:
  • Bar charts - vertical or horizontal. space between the bars. relative bar charts tend to be more dramatic.
  • Segmented bar chart - % is stacked in each bar of chart.
  • Pie charts - be sure you are displaying parts of a whole, don't mislead. comparison not as clear as bar chart.

Distributions:
  • Marginal distribution: the frequency distribution (%) of one variable.
  • Conditional distribution: considers a smaller group within the study. answers a "contingent" question. "Was X contingent upon Y?"

Independent variables - if there is no association between the variables, they are independent of one another. The contingency table/bar chart/etc. sill show the same distribution for all categories.

Dependent variables - Find out by asking if the variables are NOT associated.